Sulfur dyes are generally prepared from aromatic intermediates or starting materials which are reacted with sulfur or a sulfur compound in a process generally. In earlier times, the dyes were made from relatively complex materials, including natural materials, whose chemical structure was often not precisely known. In more modern times, chemicals of discrete and known structures are used as starting materials.
The following are the characteristics of Sulphur dyes:
It has outstanding fastness to light
It is cheap and has good wash fastness
Also, its application is easy
They are readily soluble in the solution of Sodium Sulphide but insoluble in water
They have high affinity to all cellulose fibres.
Mostly Khakhi and Navy overalls are dyed with sulphur dyes.
The dyes are absorbed by cotton from a bath containing sulfide and are insoluble within the fibre by oxidation.
Sulfur dyes are primarily used for dark colors such as blacks, browns, and dark blues.
Sulfur dyes are well-known to be inclined to weaken fabrics, an effect called "tendering". While this effect varies depending upon the particular sulfur dye, it is particularly significant with a number of sulfur dyes of varying color and chemical compositions. They are the biggest volume dyes manufactured for cotton. They are cheap, generally have good wash-fastness and are easy to apply. During this process the dyes form complex larger molecules which is the basis of their good wash-fastness. These dyes produce robust dyeing that have all round fastness except to chlorine.
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