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VAT DYES
The first synthetic indigo was introduced to the textile trade and it had the effect of completely replacing the natural product. Another name for this product is “Vat Dye”. The process "vat dyeing" starts with dyeing in a bucket or vat. It can be performed whenever a solid, even shade over the entire garment is desired. The major advantage is that almost any dye can be used, including fiber reactive dyes, direct dyes, and acid dyes. "Vat dyes" are a special class of dyes that work with a special chemistry. Cotton, wool, and other fibers can be all dyed with vat dyes.
Vat Dyes can be divided into three chemical groups. But certain characteristics of them remain the same. Like
- They are insoluble in water.
- They become soluble when reduced in the presence of an alkali.
- After dyeing, the fabric is oxidized and the dye again becomes water insoluble.
Today there are stabilized water-soluble vat dyes available. This dye can be applied to cotton and viscose rayon by the methods used by applying direct cotton dyes. After the dyeing, a simple treatment restores the vat dye to its normal insoluble state.
Vat dyes find applications in cotton dyeing where high wash and boil fastness required. Bright red is absent in vat dye range. Solubilized vat dyes, not requiring the presence of alkali, can be used for dyeing on animal fibers.
One of the problems with most Vat Dyes is that they are less suitable than fiber reactive dyes for the home dyers, as they are difficult to work with; they require a reducing agent to solubilize them. The dye is soluble only in its reduced form. Ink-o-dye is a type of vat dye which uses light rather than oxygen to 'fix' the dye, with an inspirationally wide variety of possible effects.
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